نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
One of the fundamental issues in anthropology and the philosophy of the soul is explaining how reason, as a higher and immaterial faculty, governs the lower levels of the soul and the body—such as faculties of perception and movement, and bodily actions. Drawing upon the principles of Transcendent Philosophy (Ḥikmat al‑Mutaʿāliyah) and employing a descriptive–analytical method, this study examines how reason can direct and manage these lower faculties despite their material and inferior nature. Based on principles such as the primacy of existence (aṣālat al‑wujūd), the unity and simplicity of the soul, the union of soul and body, and substantial motion (ḥarakat jawharīyah), it is shown that reason, as the highest level of the soul, possesses a pervasive, active, and graded presence across other dimensions, guiding them accordingly. This interpretation of reason as a dynamic and immanent presence within the soul’s realms provides a philosophical framework for understanding human action in relation to its existential levels. Within this framework, bodily acts, illuminated by rationality, acquire degrees of transcendence and value, rising beyond mere behavior to a higher ontological rank. Such an approach, in contrast to dualistic perspectives, such as Peripatetic and Cartesian schools, offers a theoretical foundation for the renewed reconstruction of ethical, educational, and psychological concepts based on Transcendent Philosophy.
کلیدواژهها English
